Saturday, November 23, 2024

26 Xenophon’s Anabasis

From there (Enteuthen) they marched over a plain and through deep snow three stages (eporeuonto dia chionos pollés kai pediou stathmous treis), thirteen parasangs (parasangas treis kai deka). The third stage proved a hard one (ho de tritos egeneto chalepos), with the north wind (kai anemos borras), which blew full in their faces (enantios epnei), absolutely blasting everything and freezing the men (pantapasin apokaión panta kai pégnus tous anthrópous). Then it was that one of the soothsayers (entha dé tón manteón tis) bade them offer sacrifice to the wind (eipe sphagiasasthai tói anemói), and sacrifice was offered (kai sphagiazetai); and it seemed quite clear to everybody (kai pasi dé periphanós edoxen), that the violence of the wind abated (léxai to chalepon tou anemou). But the depth of the snow was a fathom (én de tés chionos to bathos orgyia), so that many of the baggage animals and slaves perished (hóste kai tón hupozugión kai tón andrapodón polla apóleto), and about thirty of the soldiers (kai tón stratiótón hós triakonta). They got through that night by keeping up fires (diegenonto de tén nukta pur kaiontes), for there was wood in abundance at the halting place (xula én en tói stathmói polla); those who came up late, however, had none (hoi de opse prosiontes xula ouk eichon), and consequently the men who had arrived early and were keeping a fire would not allow the latecomers to get near it unless they gave them a share of their wheat or anything else they had that was edible (hoi oun palai hékontes kai pur kaiontes ou prosiesan pros to pur tous opsizontas ei mé metadoien autois purous é allo ei ti schoien bróton). So then they shared with one another what they severally possessed (entha dé metedidosan allélois hón eichon hekastoi). Now where the fire was kindled (entha de to pur ekaieto), the snow melted (diatékomenés tés chionos), and the result was great holes clear down to the ground (bothroi egenonto megaloi este epi to dapedon); and there, of course, one could measure the depth of the snow (hou dé parén metrein to bathos tés chionos).

From there they marched all the following day through snow (Enteuthen de tén epiousan hémeran holén eporeuonto dia chionos), and many of the men fell ill with hunger-faintness (kai polloi tón anthrópón eboulimiasan). And Xenophon, with the rearguard (Xenophón opisthophulakón), as he came upon the men who were falling by the way (kai katalambanón tous piptontas tón anthrópón), did not know what the trouble was (égnoei ho ti to pathos eié). But as soon as a person who was acquainted with the disease had told him that they manifestly had hunger-faintness (epeidé de eipe tis autói tón empeirón hoti saphós boulimiósi), and if they were given something to eat would be able to get up (k’an ti phagósin anastésontai), he went around among the baggage animals (periión peri ta hupozugia), and wherever he saw anything that was edible (ei pou ti horóié broton), he would distribute it among the thick men (diedidou), or send hither and thither people who had the strength to run along the lines, to give it to them (kai diepempe didontas tous dunamenous paratrechein tois boulimiósin). And when they had eaten something (epeidé de ti emphagoien), they would get up and continue the march (anistanto kai eporeuonto).

As the army went on (Poreuomenón de), Cheirisophus reached a village about dusk (Cheirisophos men amphi knephas pros kómén aphikneitai), and found at the spring outside the wall women and girls who had come from the village to fetch water (kai hudrophorousas ek tés kómés pros téi krénéi gynaikas kai koras katalambanei emprosthen tou erumatos). They asked the Greeks who they were (hautai érótón autous tines eien), and the interpreter replied in Persian that they were on their way from the King to the satrap (ho d’ herméneus eipe persisti hoti para basileós poreuontaipros ton satrapén). The women answered that he was not there (hai de apekrinanto hoti ouk entautha eié), but about a parasang away (all’apechei hoson parasangén). Then, inasmuch as it was late (hoi d’, epei opse én), the Greeks accompanied the water-carriers within the wall to visit the village chief (pros ton kómarchon suneiserchontai eis to eruma sun tais hudrophorois). So it was that Cheirisophus and all the troops who could muster strength enough to reach the village, went into quarters there (Cheirisophos men oun kai hosoi edunéthésan tou strateumatos entautha estratopedeusanto), but such of the others as were unable to accomplish the journey spent the night without food or fire (tón d’ allón stratiótón hoi mé dunamenoi diatelesai tén hodon enuktereusan asitoi kai aneu puros); and in this way some of the soldiers perished (kai entautha  tines apólonto tón stratiótón).

Meanwhile they were being followed by the enemy, some of whom had band together and were seizing such of the pack animals as lacked the strength to go on (Epheiponto de tón polemión suneilegmenoi tines kai ta mé dunamena tón hupozugión hérpazon), and fighting over them with one another (kai allélois emachonto peri autón). Some of the soldiers likewise were falling behind – those whose eyes had been blinded by the snow (eleiponto de tón stratiótón hoi te diephtharmenoi hupo tés chionos tous ophthalmous), or whose toes had rotted off by reason of the cold (hoi te hupo tous psuchous tous daktulous tón podón aposesépotes). It was a protection to the eyes against the snow if a man marched with something black in front of them (én de tois men ophthalmois epikouréma tés chionos ei tis melan ti echón pro tón ophthalmón eporeueto), and a protection to the feet if one kept moving and never quiet (tón de podón ei tis kinoito kai médepote hésuchian echoi), and if he took off the shoes for the night (kai eis tén nukta hupoluoito); but in all cases where men slept with their shoes on (hosoi de hupodedemenoi ekoimónto), the straps sank into their flesh and the shoes froze on their feet (eiseduonto eis tous podas hoi himantes kai ta hupodémata periepégnunto); for what they were wearing, since their old shoes had given out, were brogues made of freshly flayed ox-hides (kai gar ésan, epeidé epelipe ta archaia hupodémata, karbatinai pepoiémenai ek tón neodartón boón).

It was under compulsion of such difficulties that some of the soldiers were falling behind (Dia tas toiautas oun anankas hupeleiponto tines tón stratiótón); and espying a spot that was dark because the snow just there had disappeared (kai idontes melan ti chórion dia to ekleloipenai autothi tén chiona), they surmised that it had melted (éikazon tetékanai); and in fact it had melted, on account of a spring which was near by, steaming in a dell (kai etetékei dia krénén tina hé plésion én atmizousa en napéi); here they turned aside and sat down, refusing to go any further (entauth’ ektrapomenoi ekathénto kai ouk ephasan poreuesthai). But when Xenophon with some of the rearguard observed them (ho de Xenophón echón opisthophulakas hós éistheto), he begged them by all manner of means not to be left behind (edeito autón paséi technéi kai méchanéi mé apoleipesthai), telling them that a large body of the enemy had gathered and were pursuing (legón hoti hepontai polloi polemioi suneilegmenoi), and finally he became angry (kai teleutón echalepainen). They told him, however, to kill them, for they could not go on (hoi de sphattein ekeleuon, ou gar an dunasthai poreuthénai). In this situation it seemed to be best to frighten the pursuing enemy, if they could (entha edoxe kratiston einai tous hepomenous polemious phobésai, ei tis dunaito), in order to prevent them from falling upon the sick men (mé epioien tois kamnousi). It was dark by this time (kai én men skotos édé), and the enemy were coming on with a great uproar (hoi de proséisan pollói thorubói), quarrelling over the booty they had (amphi hón eichon diapheromenoi). Then the men of the rearguard, since they were sound and well, started up and charged upon the enemy (entha dé hoi opisthophulakes hate hugiainontes exanastantes edramon eis tous polemious), while the invalids raised as big a shout as they could and clashed their shields against their spears (hoi de kamnontes anakragontes hoson edunanto megiston tas aspides pros ta dorata ekrousan). And the enemy, seized with fear threw themselves down over the snow into the dell (hoi de polemioi deisantes hékan hautous kata tés chionos eis tén napén), and not a sound was heard from them afterwards (kai oudeis eti oudamou ephthenxato).

 

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